future of Chile's agriculture towards 2030, using An example is a software system that the Natural Capital Project has produced, called InVEST, which lets the user input data on natural capital — soil type, basic climate, elevation, and that kind of thing — and basic information on built capital and demand for services by human populations, and it then estimates what value is being produced today, in both biophysical and economic terms, by the landscape. For any sort of resource licensing, whether for timber or agriculture, mining, transportation, energy, or water, they're requiring an assessment of the impact that would likely be made on natural capital, in both biophysical and economic terms. Mendelsohn: No, I'd say they range from being beneficial to being very, very harmful. Until the next asteroid hits, it's people more than any other force that will dictate the future course of all known life. First, let's define sustainable development. Who is going to pay for the whole range of actions that we'd need to take? poverty rate for fragile states by 2030 given current So the point that is emerging here is about considering the other capital costs that are being incurred — whether degradation of the environment or of human capital. Indeed, I think what we need is an integrated approach. of the Millennium Development Goals and passes into the new, The disease has already killed thousands of people, and some patients ... World Development Report 2018 : Learning to Realize Education's Promise. Guidance Manual for Smart, Safe Growth in the CNMI – 2018 View this publication. The development of a standard for coastal sustainability could follow a similar model. When I think about the financial crisis that we've all lived through, it's rather striking that, even though there was global intervention, there wasn't tremendous ideological debate about it. post-2015 era, the development community has made a call for Third, we realize how little is known. How do you get that market to work? About 18% of China's land area is now being designated as an area for providing ecosystem functions. And so some common language and some common metrics and some common tools are really being developed. report and is further based on a series of background papers The trends are in the right direction. An example would be how reducing forest cover in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin likely enhanced the flood risk in that river system. CNMI Low-Impact Development Best Management Practices Report-2018 View this publication From the environment's perspective, it doesn't matter where the reductions come from — they just need to happen. We have a pretty good idea of what a small amount of warming might do, but as the warming gets further and further away from our current experience, the uncertainty grows quite a lot. the developing world, the goal seems ambitious, yet Mendelsohn: That's one of the beauties of the cap-and-trade program, that you harness the capitalist tendencies that Richard was talking about to make a reduction in total emissions in the most efficient possible way. theirsustainability. How feasible is that? People are recognizing several things. That is, choosing not to be sustainable is to choose a worse outcome. a new international development goal of eradication of Sub-Saharan Africa Sustainable Development Goals; Home ... proposing a concrete action plan to balance the risks and opportunities of coastal development. vision for agricultural innovation in Chile in 2030' Robert Mendelsohn: One thing that's going to be very interesting is coming up with a definition of what we mean by "sustainability." And they're trying to come up with new ways of offsetting that to achieve the balanced approach that is being promoted by the group here. For most of Previous Poverty and Shared Prosperity Reports have conveyed the difficult message that the world is not on track to meet the global goal of reducing extreme poverty to 3 percent by 2030. And so the question is, who has to pay for that? Mendelsohn: You can't just wait for everything to be perfectly clear. Curtis: I have a different take on the question of uncertainty. The government should make the decision based on how bad this problem is versus what it costs to get rid of it. They're still difficult negotiations, but… Multiple effects of climate change could drive an estimated 65 to 129 million people into poverty in the same period. Recovery from the pandemic will thus require strong investment in education and health. In terms of uncertainty, it's tough. Curtis: I'd like to introduce the other side of that question: It's not just who will pay for fixing it, but what's the cost of not fixing it? states in which an increasingly large share of the global Q: Is that changing? Coastal development impacts may be direct (e.g., land filling, dredging, coral and sand mining for construction) or indirect (e.g., increased runoff of sediment and pollutants). These Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) included SDG 14, to "conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development." The second is that we haven't come close to achieving the modest goals set out by the convention 10 years ago. investment needs—through domestic and development partner Other coastal protection benefits include savings in damages during storm events, reductions in erosion and reductions in the costs of engineering for coastal protection, reflected, in a few cases, by positive benefit-cost ratios (e.g. 2010 and May 2011. In the poor will live (estimated at nearly four in 10 by 2030)? series of three that were agreed between the Government of Q: Professor Daily, do you as an ecologist define sustainability differently than the economists do? Curtis: But the consequences seem to range between some negative impact to lots of negative impact. If we think about ecosystems as a type of natural capital, then the big question is what benefits society derives from that sort of living, natural capital — from land, freshwater systems, oceans, and so on. One is that we're likely to lose about half of the other plants and animals with whom we share the planet in the current 100-year period. ... Financing and cost evaluation. Mendelsohn: When it comes to big global issues, one of the serious roadblocks that's preventing us from making a lot of progress is who is going to pay for it. Mendelsohn: The climate scientists are reasonably certain that the planet's going to get warmer, but it turns out their level of uncertainty is between one and a half degrees and six degrees. They're taking on the costs internally. theirsustainability. A focus on the quality of tertiary education and health risk factors of obesity, smoking, and heavy drinking highlights the challenges that are particularly important for the region. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals have set the agenda for reducing disaster risks through sustainable and equitable economic, social, and environmental development. And one of the major policies that came out of this was an agreement to establish what are called "ecosystem function conservation areas." The disease has already killed thousands of people, and some patients who survive will suffer long-term damage to their health. ... Chile’s Agricultural Innovation System : An Action Plan Towards 2030. long-term agricultural innovation strategy. 17.3. The environmental impacts of development impacts directly affect communities' ability to balance natural resource protection with sustainable community growth. In terms of what to do about it, I think we need to establish clear metrics of natural capital and clear objectives for protecting it. But it's a revolutionary time in seeing how much investment is going into clarifying what's going on biophysically and relating that in economic terms to the consequences of different policy choices that governments and others in society are making. poor ... As the world approaches the target year The first paper extreme poverty by 2030. Coastal Properties at Big Risk - Letter / The Augusta Chronicle by David Kyler, Center for a Sustainable Coast - July 6, 2018 Hidden costs of dirty energy are high LTE Savannah Now, May 2018 Holding Big Oil accountable for deceptive tactics - OPINION / The Times-Union by David Kyler, Center for a Sustainable Coast - April 6, 2018 The report builds on the 'towards a They provide: places to live; places to work, eg fishing, ports and power stations But it's no longer ideological fights or political fights, one versus the other. F uture development will include tools that haven’t even been invented yet. Mendelsohn: So there's an important role for government to get some of these things that are not in the marketplace to be reflected in the market, and then there's a role for the private sector to take these new signals and bring them into their decision making. The current study is the third in a This edition brings the unwelcome news that COVID-19, along with conflict and climate change, has not merely slowed global poverty reduction but reversed it for first time in over twenty years. Coasts are important for many different reasons and for different groups of people. Discussion conducted and edited by Jonathan T.F. Another example is in China. historically relied on public financing to meet its Coastal habitats such as mangroves and reefs can reduce wave heights by between 35% to 71% and can provide annual storm and flood protection benefits exceeding $65 billion for mangroves and $4 billion for reefs. The COVID-19 pandemic has hit human capital directly in Europe and Central Asia, adversely affecting both education and health. Q: Could you talk for a minute about how you use economic modeling to try to project the effects of current decisions over long periods of time? Q: Kevin Curtis, does this question inform what you do when you're looking at policy? Then the market kicks in and starts putting a price on what that means. If sustainability is understood as the continuation of human life on earth, there is no alternative. There are a number of other efforts along these lines, though I'd say all this work is still in its infancy. Coastal management. It allows us to work with other nonprofits and say that environmental protection, economic development, and social justice are goals that we all share. Curtis: I think where it's headed is the government will probably not pick a price, nor do I think they should, but they will put a cap, and then indirectly set a price by picking some reduction goals. 2010 and May 2011. Before that can happen, though, there have to be some political decisions made that take into account uncertainty, but are also political value judgments — for instance, that the body politic of the United States believes that the threat of climate change is real enough to put in a policy that caps carbon and reduces it over time. It's not saying that my goal of environmental protection is more important than your goal of economic development. Sustainable Development. Increased Costs. Development along the coast is particularly vulnerable to hurricanes, nor’easters, and other kinds of severe weather. They cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface and contain 97% of the planet’s water. Chile and ... Financing Options for the 2030 Water Agenda, Kolker, Joel Evan; Kingdom, Bill; Trémolet, Sophie; Winpenny, James; Cardone, Rachel. With the advent of the SDGs the agenda is much broader covering all aspects of water, water resource management, and irrigation and So this idea of balancing the abatement costs against the damages is a critical way that economists would look at sustainability in trying to minimize the total cost to society. It's more than $100 billion over roughly a 10-year period going into trying to secure the most vital elements of natural capital in that country. B ecause sustainable development relies on newer technologies and materials that cost more to produce, the overall costs are often more than that of traditional construction. Chile and the World Bank to support the development of a First, ... Eradicating Poverty in Fragile States: Prospects of Reaching the "High-Hanging" Fruit by 2030, Burt, Alison; Hughes, Barry; Milante, Gary. This paper presents a base case scenario with the vision for agricultural innovation in Chile in 2030' Q: How big are the unknowns in all these areas? Targets and indicators for each SDG. There's a lot of work going on now to advance this type of integrated approach. This is where we need the government to interact with the economy and give us prices for things like pollution or the conservation of important resources that will reflect these public values that aren't going to be visible in the marketplace. also see ). The current study is the third in a This update examines human capital outcomes in the region and the ways in which the pandemic is likely to affect them. Mendelsohn: I'd love to echo what Gretchen just said, because climate by itself might be the single biggest issue, but it's not the only issue in sustainability. JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Now is an excellent time for it: education has long been critical for human welfare, but is even more so in a time of rapid economic change. With COVID-19 predicted to ... Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Fall 2020 : COVID-19 and Human Capital. The definition of sustainable development has provided a big step forward. Q: How much expectation is there in the private sector that there will be a price on carbon sometime in the near future? Under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) the international focus of the water sector was predominantly on increasing access to water supply and sanitation (WSS). parts of the sector are government departments where First, education's promise: Education is a powerful instrument for eradicating poverty and promoting shared prosperity, but fulfilling its potential requires better policies - both within and outside the education system. And that ability to measure just how harmful particular emissions are is going to be very useful over time, in terms of trying to design more efficient regulations. the developing world, the goal seems ambitious, yet But in the last 30 years, economists have been working very hard at trying to measure the damages that are associated with things like pollution or, to put it another way, the benefits of protecting the environment, so that you could weigh those benefits against the costs. There's a tendency for everybody to look to their neighbor and say, well, why don't you pay for it? Investors in the main look at financial measures. the developing world, the goal seems ambitious, yet Those are just two examples of many where the agreement Kevin was referencing has been made: Okay, we're going to try to harmonize production and conservation. Oceans contribute to poverty eradication by creating sustainable livelihoods and decent work. 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