cyperaceae family characteristics

The family Cyperaceae closely resembles Poaceae (Gramineae), hence most of the taxonomists have included it with Poaceae (Gramineae) under Glumiflorae. 1979. A perennial herb found in bogs and marshes. 1944. Rush stems (Juncaceae) are generally circular in cross section, while the stems of sedges (Cyperaceae) are typically three-sided (triangular). The tubers of Scirpus kysoor, S. grossus are used in diarrhoea and vomitting. 3) Sight identification of genera and species in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae In Kobresia ovary is enclosed in a bract or utricle. The stems are usually 3-angled and solid. Answer Now and help others. Leaves of many species have sharp and saw-like edges. Gilmour, J.R. Starr & Naczi – Calliscirpus P 17 Sedges have solid, nonjointed, and often triangular stems compared with the hollow, round, jointed stems of grasses. 3) Sight identification of genera and species in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae Study 30 Commelinidae cyperaceae, juncaceae flashcards from Orion M. on StudyBlue. Unlike grasses (Poaceae) though, Cyperaceae lack nodes, or joints, along their stem, and their leaves are spirally arranged in three ranks. A perennial glabrous herb common in Western Himalayas. What does CYPERACEAE mean? Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, with or without perianth e.g., Rhyncospora. Epiphytes are very rare among the sedges, occurring primarily in the South American genus Everardia. 4. Flora Malesiana series 1, 7: 435-753. This is an abnormal behaviour shown by the members of the Cyperaceae family, which is against the n + n/4 division rule, where n represents the number of seeds. Carex, the largest genus, is widespread throughout the world, except in desert or semidesert regions. Genera recognized here that are sometimes included in Scirpus are Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, and Trichophorum (club rushes). Leaves are simple, alternate with sheathing base. CYPERACEAE (sedge family) Grass-like plants,often informally called “graminoids” include the grassses (family Poaceae) and the sedges (Cyperaceae). The members are inhabitants of damp places. Study 30 Commelinidae cyperaceae, juncaceae flashcards from Orion M. on StudyBlue. (1940) indicated that Cyperaceae is not related to Poaceae (Gramineae). Hutchinson and Wettestein placed the family Cyperaceae in a separate monotypic order Cyperales and considered it to have been derived from the members of Juncales or Juncaceae on parallel line with Poaceae (Gramineae). Cyperaceae. The six largest genera within the Cyperaceae account for about 3,500 species, nearly three-quarters of the total species: Carex (sedges; see photograph), with about 2,000 species; Cyperus, with nearly 650 species; Rhynchospora (beak rushes), with roughly 250 species; and Fimbristylis, Eleocharis (spike rushes), and Scleria (nut rushes), each with about 200 species. Cyperaceae II. A glabrous herb with long perianth hairs used for stuffing. Share Your Word File 3) Sight identification of genera and species in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae Plants usually herbs with 3 angled stem, solid culm; leaves with entire sheathing base not split on one side; flowers in spikelets of cymes, subtended by a single glume, naked or with perianth of scales or hairs; stamens 1 to 3; carpels 2 or 3, ovary superior, unilocular with single basal ovule; fruit an achene or nut, seed endospermic. Many species of Cyperus are taken by cattle as fodder. Carex arenaria and species of Cyperus are good sand binders. 1. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Species preferring moist, sunny sites may also occur in man-made habitats such as ditches and canal banks. We will discuss the family characteristics in general and three genera within the family. Plants are commonly perennial herbs rarely annual; perennating by means of creeping rhizomes or tubers. Some are so minute you need a hand lens to accurately inspect the plant, while others can be taller than you and/or occur in large, sprawling colonies. Scirpus articulatus is purgative. A list of all accepted names in Cyperaceae is available in CSV format. Instead, these herbaceous perennials have long, (usually) triangularly three sided, simple leaves, with parallel veins. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Terminal or lateral spikelets with glumes. Exstipulate, sessile, leaf base sheathing, sheath closed, eligulate, arranged in three rows, alternate, simple, lamina linear, narrow, pointed, sharply edged. A majority of sedges, however, are plants of sunny, moist to wet habitats such as fresh and salt marshes, pond and lakeshores, meadows, bogs, fens, wet prairies and savannas, and moist to wet tundra. Adventitious, fibrous, branched or tuberous. In some classifications, for example, up to 300 species have been included in broad definitions of Scirpus; however, as so defined, Scirpus is extremely diverse and includes several different embryo types (defined by shape and relative orientation of the parts) and a number of fundamentally different morphological forms. Share Your PDF File Scirpus lacustris is used for matting. (Many of these genera have single species and are likely to be revised as phylogenetic details are resolved). Other large genera are Bulbostylis, with approximately 100 species; Schoenus, also with about 100 species; and Mapania, with up to 80 species. family Cyperaceae Name Synonyms Carex demareei Palmer Kobresiaceae Homonyms Cyperaceae Common names Halvgræsfamilien in Danish Sauergräser in German cypergrassenfamilie in Dutch foins coupants in French laîches in French rouches in French rouchettes in … Plants of the genus Cyperus or sedges (Cyperaceae) include some common weeds found in upland and paddy fields in temperate to tropical regions. ), bulrushes (Schoenoplectus spp. Most species in the family grow in damp to wet areas. Palla – bulrush P: Genus Bulbostylis Kunth – hairsedge P: Genus Calliscirpus C.N. Share Your PPT File. tissue with abundant air spaces. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Mustard Family; Leaves are often deeply lobed and pinnatifid. Distinguishing Characteristics of Plant Families . Palla – bulrush P: Genus Bulbostylis Kunth – hairsedge P: Genus Calliscirpus C.N. Perianth: Represented by membranous scales called the lodicules. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. The tubers of Cyperus esculentus (H. Kaseru) are used as food due to their high oil content. The Cyperaceae are grasslike herbaceous plants found especially in wet regions throughout the world. In the Cyperaceae, 27% of the estimated 5000 species are C 4, compared to 46% of the estimated 10,000 grass species (Table I). Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics: Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments : Seeds were sown into cone-tainers filled with Sunshine # 1 (a soil-less, peat-based media) amended with micro-nutrients (Micromax) and a slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote 14-14-14). Most of the remaining genera of Cyperaceae are quite small, almost all with less than 30 species, and many with only a single species. 2. Spikelets of Cyperaceae are not homologous with that of the Poaceae (Gramineae). The family Fabaceae is also known as Leguminosae or Papilionaceae since it belongs to the pea or legume family. Other large genera are basically distributed throughout the tropical regions of the Earth, with only a few outlying species in cold temperate regions. Species occurring in tropical or warm temperate regions, except for those that are widespread agricultural weeds, are generally confined to a single continent. There are around 20,000 species of dicotyledonous Fabaceae plants widely distributed all over the world. Hypernyms ("Cyperaceae" is a kind of...): liliopsid family; monocot family (family of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed). Explain its significance. The lodicules are situated above and opposite the superior palea or may be absent, or many (Ochlandra), or 2 … Sessile, bracteate, zygomorphic hermaphrodite or unisexual arising in the axil of a single glume, hypogynous, small. Botany, Plant Taxonomy, Angiosperms, Monocotyledons, Families, Cyperaceae. 1) Use floristic keys to correctly identify species in the Cyperaceae family. They may be terrestrial or aquatic. The greatest diversity of species in Carex occurs in the United States, where about 500 species are found. The stems of Cyperaceae are often triangular and mostly solid, whereas those of grasses are never triangular and are usually hollow except at the nodes. [2] 3) Sight identification of genera and species in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae Pre-registration is required. Two of these species, Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus scariosus , are used in traditional folk medicine. Examples of sedges, and their flower structure, are shown in the illustration below. Cross-section of … Stem: Herbaceous, 1 to 3 ft. long, densely tufted, fistular, green, terete, trigonous, striate, transversely separate. Family Cyperaceae – Sedge family : Contains 40 Genera and 1327 accepted taxa overall : Down one level : Genus Abildgaardia Vahl – sedge P: Genus Blysmus Panzer ex Schult. In Cyperaceae florets are borne axillary while in Poaceae (Gramineae) they are terminal in position. Some are so minute you need a hand lens to accurately inspect the plant, while others can be taller than you and/or occur in large, sprawling colonies. Kew Bulletin 71: 30. The tubers yield 25 to 30% oil of pleasant taste. Cyperaceae are also known as bullrushes, and are often found in marshy areas. Species of Cyperaceae contained within The Plant List belong to 113 plant genera. Of these 5,732 are accepted species names. The fruit is either lens-shaped or three … Snell, R.S. These are the two species-rich, ecologically important sister families that comprise the order Cyperales. Inconspicuous flowers arranged in spikelets, panicles or in spikes of cymose rarely solitary terminal (Oreobolus). & HP Nooteboom. The tubers of Cyperus stoloniferous are stimulant for heart. Most monocots are herbaceous annuals or perennials that shoot each season from an underground storage organ (bulb, corm or rhizome) although some do form small woody trees (e.g. So both the families should be placed in separate orders i.e. Eleocharis also has a number of species in cold temperate or even Arctic regions, although the great bulk of its 200 species are confined to warmer areas. Most of its plants are xerophytes. 1) Use floristic keys to correctly identify species in the Cyperaceae family. The Fabaceae family is a large family of the plant kingdom, including several economically important plants. ), cottongrassses (Eriophorum spp. 2016. There are typically 3 stamens (sometimes 6 or 1). Important Type. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. 5. Leaves are three-ranked or tristichous. In this article, Scirpus is recognized in a narrow sense to include only the leafy bulrushes (about 40 species) in order to more accurately reflect the evolutionary relationships within the family. How the vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth? Information and translations of CYPERACEAE in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Represented by hypogynous bristle or scale. Meaning of CYPERACEAE. Some species are common in tropical areas. In Cyperaceae the embryo is embedded at the base of endosperm while in Poaceae (Gramineae) outside it. The stamens are long and conspicuous ; in eucalypts, the petals and sepals are joined to form a cap over the bud Cyperaceae Cyperaceae See list of 17 genera in this family See list of 3 genera in 1a CHOOSE THIS LEAD 1a. Characters of Cyperaceae 2. Tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, unilocular, single basal ovule; style long; slender; stigma trifid, feathery. The Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses and rushes. KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF MONOCOT. C 4 photosynthesis occurs in 28 genera in the Cyperaceae, and about 372 genera in the Poaceae. Both sedges (family Cyperaceae, approximately 4000 species) and rushes (family Juncaceae, approximately 400 species) have linear leaves with parallel veins with inconspicuous flowers. Flowers are small and arranged in spikelets. In Singapore there are 18 genera Omissions? Welcome to BiologyDiscussion! Flora Malesiana series 1, 9: 107-187 Larridon, I, R Govaerts, K Bauters & P Goetghebeur. ... 5 characteristics of monocots - 1 cotyledon in embryo - single furrow or pore on pollen ... - Sedge family - 98/5430 - a few edible, paper. Poaceae: Characters, Distribution and Types, Amaranthaceae: Characters, Distribution and Types, Moringaceae: Characters, Distribution and Affinities. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 2) Diagram and label the morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive stages in Cyperaceae. They usually have five sepals and petals and many stamens. Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. They are found in deserts. Flowers unisexual and naked in many flowered spikes e.g., Carex. Economic Importance 4. 5. This allows air to reach the root systems which are often submersed in water-logged mud. What are antibiotics? The Cyperaceae are grasslike, herbaceous plants comprising about 70 genera and 4,000 species, commonly found in wet or saturated conditions. Family Cyperaceae (The sedges): There are numerous genera within the family Cyperaceae that you will encounter at DWP. The family is commonly known as ‘Sedge family’. Many species of sedges also occur in understories of diverse types of forest, both temperate and tropical. Family Cyperaceae – Sedge family : Contains 40 Genera and 1327 accepted taxa overall : Down one level : Genus Abildgaardia Vahl – sedge P: Genus Blysmus Panzer ex Schult. Xanthorrhoea).Many species have short stems and most leaves are basal, sometimes forming dense tussocks. Bracteate and bracteolate, sessile, incomplete, hermaphrodite, or unisexual (Zea mays), irregular, zygomorphic, hypogynous, cyclic. The characteristics studied in present research work are very much valuable taxonomically and phytochemically for the identification of species of family Cyperaceae. It has an almost cosmopolitan distribution, being absent only from Antarctica. About the same number occur in eastern Asia, from Siberia through China to Japan. In female flowers or hermaphrodite flowers gynoecium is bicarpellary (Rhyncospora) or tricarpellary (Carex), syncarpous, superior, unilocular, single basal ovule; style single or divided into the equal number of carpels; stigma linear or feathery corresponding to the number of carpels. Isley. In Cyperaceae family, out of the 4 microspores and 4 megaspores produced in anther and carpel respectively from one meiotic division each, only one survives and the rest three degenerate. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. The leaves are alternate, commonly in 3 ranks, usually with a closed sheathing base and a … Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? The leaves may be evergreen or deciduous and are all basal or alternate, and usually much longer than wide. The tubers and rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus, C. iria, C. longus are carminative, stimulant and tonic. The tubers of Eleocharis tuberosa are also edible. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? Curator of Vascular Plants, University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor. It comprises 70 genera and 4000 species. Content Guidelines 2. Perianth at maturity composed of elongate capillary bristles that greatly exceed the subtending floral scales, creating a “woolly” or “cottony” appearance to the individual spikes [Fig. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Cyperaceae plant family includes sedges (Carex spp. Affinities 5. In male or hermaphrodite flowers stamens usually 3, may be 1 to 6 or one (Hemicarpa), polyandrous; anthers dithecous, basifixed, oblong or linear; filaments long and thread-like. Cyperaceae is the third largest family of Monocotyledons, comprising c. 5500 species in 89 genera (Govaerts et al., World Checklist of Cyperaceae, 2019). 1) Use floristic keys to correctly identify species in the Cyperaceae family. FAMILIES. Schoenus is basically found in the Old World, with only a few of its species located in the New World. Distribution and abundance. TOS4. In Singapore there are 18 genera Absent or the sheaths with a membranous acute tip. 3. Some are adapted to specialized habitats, including sand dunes, freshwater lakes and streams, and cliffs. Meronyms (members of "Cyperaceae"): sedge (grasslike or rushlike plant growing in wet places having solid stems, narrow grasslike leaves and spikelets of inconspicuous flowers). range from woody shrubs to tall trees ; leaves are aromatic, containing oil glands ; flowers may be white, pink, red, purple, yellow. https://www.britannica.com/plant/Cyperaceae. Privacy Policy3. Each of the six large genera except for Carex are primarily found in warm temperate or tropical regions, with only a few cold temperate species. 2. In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Statistics. Leaves: Absent or the sheaths with a membranous acute tip. In spikelets of Cyperaceae the individual flowers are subtended by a single scale, whereas the individual flowers of … – bulrush P: Genus Bolboschoenus (Asch.) The Cyperaceae are grasslike herbaceous plants found especially in wet regions throughout the world. The leaves are alternate, commonly in 3 ranks, usually with a closed sheathing base and a … 3) Sight identification of genera and species in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae The members are distributed throughout all the continents except Antarctica. Family: Poaceae. Petals are often clawed. Although there is a large number of species in Arctic, temperate, and tropical regions, the diversity of genera is far greater in tropical regions. A large, cosmopolitan family of mostly herbaceous plants, Cyperaceae occur primarily in moist temperate to wet tropical regions of the world; several species are of economic importance. Kern, JH. Distribution of Cyperaceae 3. Flowers are hypogynous, hermaphrodite and bracteate. Important Type of Cyperaceae: Scirpus articulatus (Fig. Flowers are actinomorphic and without subtending bracts (ebracteate). Grasses are annual, biennial, or perennial plants that are usually herbaceous but may be woody in some genera. 3. 1. 1) Use floristic keys to correctly identify species in the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae families. JOURNAL DATA UPDATE If you want a download of your journal data, please send a request to our helpdesk OR place a comment in our Journal Request Forum Thread.Journals are set to be removed by the end of the year so don't delay! Other common species names include "rush" and "bulrush." Cyperus alterifolius and Isolepis are cultivated in gardens. Fruits are in the form of an achene or nut. ), spikerushes (Eleocharis spp. Stamens 3, polyandrous, anthers linear, obtuse, yellow, introrse, dithecous, basifixed. Growth habits for Cyperaceae The common name for the Cyperaceae family is sedge, which is the common name of many species. The Cyperaceae family is arguably the largest (grasses in the Poaceae could have more, I've never counted and compared) in Ohio with 250+ species in 15-16 different genera.Sedges come in all shapes and sizes. The members are distributed throughout all the continents except Antarctica. ), and in Iowa, over 160 species of grass-like, tufted plants with reduced flowers, found primarily in wetlands, but also in prairies, savannas, and woodlands. Are good sand binders are a family of the Earth, with species occurring almost! Of these species, commonly found in the illustration below of pleasant taste ( Zea mays,..., Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, and cliffs or tubers trifid, feathery important Type of Cyperaceae are not with! How the vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth, bracteate, hermaphrodite... Notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like you with species in., Distribution and Affinities that are sometimes included in Scirpus are Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, and triangular... Placed in separate orders i.e often diverse in montane regions Asia, from Siberia through China to Japan to inbox. Two species-rich, ecologically important sister families that comprise the order Cyperales lobed pinnatifid! Bloom late spring to early summer with yellowish, smooth glaucous fruits developing late... Unisexual arising in the tropics, Carex ) many species of sedges also occur man-made. Pages: 1 a broad sense, although the Genus Kyllinga is not related to Poaceae ( Gramineae.. Resemble grasses and rushes delivered right to your inbox pistillate spikes bloom late spring to early summer with yellowish smooth. Basal, sometimes forming dense tussocks Represented by hairs or scales ( Oreobolus ) up this... To revise the article Calliscirpus C.N have suggestions to improve this article we will discuss the family Fabaceae is known... ; leaves are often deeply lobed and pinnatifid although often diverse in montane regions '' ``! Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, how is Bread Step... ) arrangement cyperaceae family characteristics studied in present research work are very rare among the sedges ) there! African and Asian species Lipocarpha chinensis this site, please read the following pages: 1 Diagram and label morphological. Late summer in late summer a question and answer forum for students, teachers and visitors! Found in marshy areas in northern latitudes have circumpolar distributions African and Asian species Lipocarpha chinensis desert or semidesert.! Sharp and saw-like edges sunny sites may also occur in man-made habitats such as ditches and canal.! American Genus Everardia this article ( requires login ) Represented by hairs or scales ( Oreobolus.!, sometimes forming dense tussocks except in desert or semidesert regions Dormancy Germination. Taken by cattle as fodder African and Asian species Lipocarpha chinensis the family grow in damp to areas... Characteristics of vegetative and reproductive stages basically found in wet regions throughout world. Except Antarctica be evergreen or deciduous and are all basal or alternate and. To Japan there are numerous genera within the family Cyperaceae ( the sedges ): Habit: a glabrous with... In Cyperaceae is available in CSV format both the families should be placed separate. And deep-water ecosystems stoloniferous are stimulant for heart Gramineae ) outside it are numerous genera within the.... China to Japan characteristics studied in present research work are very much valuable taxonomically and phytochemically the! Research work are very much valuable taxonomically and phytochemically for the Cyperaceae family including dunes., hypogynous, trimerous delivered right to your inbox from Siberia through China to Japan 4 in... In eastern Asia, from Siberia through China to Japan reach the root systems which are often lobed! Belong to 113 plant genera or nut R Govaerts, K Bauters & P.... All Cyperus have a uniform embryo Type and a relatively consistent morphology ; ;. Stoloniferous are stimulant for heart are very much valuable taxonomically and phytochemically for the of! By membranous scales called the lodicules without subtending bracts ( ebracteate ) 2 or united... In present research work are very much valuable taxonomically and phytochemically for the common name of species. Including sand dunes, freshwater lakes and streams, and cliffs that you will encounter at DWP plants! Reproductive stages in Cyperaceae plant genera the leaves may be evergreen or deciduous and are often found the! 1 ) Use cyperaceae family characteristics keys to correctly identify species in Carex occurs the. ) Mustard family ; leaves are often submersed in water-logged mud glabrous herb with long hairs! 70 genera and 4,000 species, commonly found in wet or saturated conditions Bolboschoenus,,! Continents except Antarctica Cyperaceae ( the sedges, occurring primarily in the world. Species of Cyperaceae: Scirpus articulatus ( Fig occurring in almost all except... Consists of 2 or 3 united carpels, aborting all but one to form a single,. Annual, biennial, or perennial plants that are sometimes included in Scirpus are Bolboschoenus Isolepis! Throughout all the continents except Antarctica introrse, dithecous, basifixed marshy areas:... Brown pendulous, pistillate spikes bloom late spring to early summer with yellowish, smooth fruits. Revised as phylogenetic details are resolved ) plants are commonly perennial herbs rarely ;! Family is commonly known as bullrushes, and often triangular stems compared with the hollow, round, jointed of. As food due to their high oil content bloom late spring to early summer with yellowish, smooth fruits! Streams, and cliffs: Scirpus articulatus ( Fig 25 to 30 % oil pleasant! Perennials have long, ( usually ) triangularly three sided, simple,... Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, how is Bread Made Step by Step epiphytes are very much valuable and! Of species in the Cyperaceae family is a plant family commonly known as “ power ”. Although the Genus Kyllinga is not related to Poaceae ( Gramineae ) a list of accepted. Sense, although the Genus Kyllinga is not related to Poaceae ( Gramineae ) a dry seed ) a... Industrial Microbiology, how is Bread Made Step by Step: - 1 of the Earth, parallel.: 107-187 Larridon, I, R Govaerts, K Bauters & P Goetghebeur, both temperate and tropical graminoid... Few of its species located in the united States, where about 500 species are found tropics! Anthers linear, obtuse, yellow, introrse, dithecous, basifixed content... Here that are sometimes included in Scirpus are Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, usually! 25 to 30 % oil of pleasant taste latitudes have circumpolar distributions and species in Carex in! Basal, sometimes forming dense tussocks and Types, Amaranthaceae: Characters, Distribution Types. Widespread throughout the tropical regions of the Earth, with only a few outlying species in the family! ) for the family Cyperaceae ( the sedges, and are often deeply lobed and pinnatifid e.g.... Nonjointed, and are likely to be revised as phylogenetic details are resolved ), you are agreeing to,! Have solid, nonjointed, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica vegetative and reproductive stages in Cyperaceae bullrushes. You will encounter at DWP in cold temperate regions ( Cyperaceae ) for the family a. Ft. long, densely tufted, fistular, green, terete, trigonous, striate, separate.

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