Is it possible to recover damages for emotional distress in a breach of contract case? myspace.com can state a cause of action for invasion of privacy and/or intentional infliction of emotional distress against a person who submits that article to a newspaper for republication. A. LIeH�v|:�@��a���.J� Damages for … Connor Construction filed a cross-complaint against numerous subcontractors, including Beta. endstream endobj 102 0 obj <>stream /// /// /// GENERAL DEMURRER TO THE EIGHTH CAUSE OF ACTION 3 <>. hެ�1O�0��ʍ0T��M�*RC��D�FQup�%6"���l�n,�������3�1D@)�� ���u��t���dAQS���kRl�ȝ>p�y���5)j����tJ��n��0�4�C_�e�4��__Q7$O�ha��(9t���eh����:y����6���z��Ǟ8y�o_�pU��N08��$�g�V ~�'yPz�'u>��[��*I����?�K�,7C�ϰF�r��f��"IC�,��CԷ �qϮ %PDF-1.6 %���� endstream endobj 104 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj 105 0 obj <>stream Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress Finally, as to their claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress, plaintiffs contend the allegations are sufficient to sustain a cause of action. Use our free directory to instantly connect with verified Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress … 111 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[98 22]/Info 97 0 R/Length 72/Prev 925877/Root 99 0 R/Size 120/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Carra had previously been introduced to Smit… LEGAL STANDARD A demurrer for sufficiency tests whether the complaint alleges facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. The Eleventh Cause of Action for Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress against the INDIVIDUAL DEFENDANTS. Civ. It simply allows certain persons to recover damages for emotional distress only on a negligence cause of action even though �qFSɶAn�7������Ȑ�� �����b����k�N�#��i>>�o�N�� ��n6������K�0Rn�@����ϊ���#@HI\�C�֪ ✋R��y)t Proc., §430.10(f) SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION (Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress) 3. Overruled. Defendants demur to the third cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress first arguing that Plaintiffs have failed to allege facts to show Defendants acted outrageously. CCP § 430.10(e). 119 0 obj <>stream 23. Proc.§ 430.lO(e).) Beta has answered the cross-complaint. (Code Civ. In California, the negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED) cause of action allows plaintiffs who have suffered emotional damages as a result of the defendant’s negligent conduct to recover. (Cal. WHEREFORE, the DEMURRING DEFENDANTS pray judgment as follows: A. Proc., § 430.10; Young v. Gannon (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 209, 220. Carra Crouch was a 13-year-old girl who flew from Los Angeles to Atlanta, Georgia with her grandmother, Jan Crouch in April 2006. �V�M\0����`���f�q�8��I�O�ͪ�6Q++���ʛ��KB����z5��������e��ǍA\P�&_>V�jϩ�HPF����C�Z�ʸ�5;+�M`/e��#��������A��i���#��D���>�����,i� JHr�(li�Uo8Ҥ)�%O��z���c�(�!E �J0��Hvd�h�뀜p�mG�/�h�p�� ^c,����m�n���U9��s�U�o��Ŵ�L������j��^��)'O�z�N��yơ�=�Ch��!�5���܃�i����f�ި�z(B0��? ;j�h. The first, for intentional infliction of emotional distress, is barred by the exclusive remedy doctrine ofthe California workers' compensation law, and, in any event, does not state sufficient facts to … In California, victims who suffer emotional distress because of another person’s conduct can file a lawsuit for the intentional infliction of emotional distress. The trial court concluded not and sustained the demurrer to appellants‟ complaint without leave to amend. First, conduct may be outrageous if the actor abuses a relationship or position which gives him the power to hurt another’s interest. Defendant__, ___ is__, and at all times herein mentioned was__, a resident__ of the City of ___, County of __, State of California. Id. The case stems from defendant-veterinarian's care of plaintiff's Maltese dog after surgery. [Code of Civ. Proc., § 430.10(e).] (n�$U��Ax즬 ���P��2���H4�M�G���!���8 ��xx=�zV�uM�������%�Y�=O��G��6hEP��F�. [cS„Uº¯² Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress. AARTHI REDDY VS SUDHEER SURASANI [TENTATIVE] ORDER RE: DEMURRER TO COMPLAINT; DEMURRER IS SUSTAINED IN PART, OVERRULED IN PART I. -�Ϗ We disagree. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress in California Intentional infliction of emotional distress , or “ IIED ,” is a claim in California that requires no showing of physical injury, but can instead be brought – as the name suggests – when a defendant has intentionally (or with reckless disregard) inflicted emotional distress on a plaintiff through outrageous conduct. FOOTNOTES. The Court finds that the allegations in the SAC do not state a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress. As discussed in the nonpublished portion, the trial court should have overruled the demurrer to the intentional infliction of emotional distress cause of action. In most cases, you will have two years from the date of your traumatic event. Decision: The jury first decide that Menezes breached his contract with the Erlichs by negligently constructing their home and awarded to the Erlichs $406,700 as the cost of repair; adding to that, each spouse was awarded $50,000 for emotional distress. And defendant argued that the publication of these accusations within a judicial proceeding was privileged under Civil Code section 47. fn. Carra was planning to visit her cousins, Nathan and Nick. 1. ¦˜ÂÙðHÒ§‚ãÛ:9í0Ó#¬àóm³ç•ý‡ V/ˆmêî‚Ø½ ¦/£ô6ˆÛB¨ô ÷ó!Öl‰Þd€+Ø%Œ²M¶[§»º‚Åg6‹ò¹(Ó:/vW2%qÚØ,!›ÙÛÀÉ1œOšÇÇã3ÈÖ}UÜWîÖð)Ûí^Ï^]ñwL~•m7W¡öA(ÏW5ßÁsYÀsVöxÇïxS¦‚~²mW]\êjÉcã`«bW§ù. (For Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress) 11. endstream endobj startxref The portion of the judgment sustaining the demurrer to the intentional infliction of emotional distress cause of action is reversed. h�b```a``�c`f`p�� ̀ ��@9� ޶�@�r;�/c���-ք� :�ơ������@�� �B �d����@�Vl)S��"KC��@�e��O��������iF���p�2��?��2\0 L(� California courts have generally recognized three circumstances where conduct may be deemed outrageous. While they were in route, Carra received a message from a man named Steve Smith, a 30-year-old man who worked for Trinity Christian Center. H���Mo1��H�{��Ը��=��KW�(��&PE�rY�M�������Rvm2Q*$��g�μ3���ke�2���l��'�4�xr��d2|���� �ȃ�����/�:J)�㰃� �@����Î�d��0:#�[�|X�c )T�w�_vB���$y � �o~�R�z��'�P��ݜ N?v!�*��J�=rt)Q��J#l���?�#�� �b�����~��E7T�����`v�%j��HQ�����n��.h ҥ�;�H�tpL��]I��9���`�-�Բ�-�|1�/�I�0=ᆸ%{t��4���_?L����i��4؄���i�72:>G�"��W���RO�ƒR1�>�e�!�PH�˘��hk��u�H��$�����4|Xx=x�_[DoG.b��Ih�y���n�O��j�_����Dq�\�Re�������j�m�z�Z������JjZ ����֩�zU���U�? (Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress against ___) <>. Compare the best Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress lawyers near Solana Beach, CA today. Under the circumstances here, a jury should determine whether the alleged conduct was outrageous. 3 Plaintiff, in turn, disputed defendant's … %Ž_q“³R¶Õúj4õû~ýýª ÜoóÝC…ÕÏ%áñ]»c×yü«¬dR0$˜²: ñ&pQ¶š•TûJøQZ €M p*À¿ªÅ.cþF«ŒÃ±FÅúTu€”ÏÑ"Êì‰æ°Íҗ„ ^Gý³j¨HŸ°®˜„2»…l›?å;¬€Ý÷L•½d»ú‘â½Y. The claim arises when the defendant’s outrageous conduct causes the victim to suffer emotional distress and it was done intentionally, or with a reckless disregard for its effect on the victim. The second cause of action fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action against demurring defendants. There is no requirement that a victim suffers a physical injury. (Code Civ. [Code Civ. A successful claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress will require proving: h�bbd``b`�$���H0[��7 ��YD��AJ��X��ē�L�Azq�+ ng Rather, it is a basis for damages in a plaintiff’s claim for negligence under California law. • “A cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress exists when there is ‘(1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant with the intention of causing, or reckless disregard of the probability of causing, emotional distress; A California appellate court has sustained a demurrer to a complaint alleging, among other things, intentional infliction of emotional distress filed by a former employee of a car dealership against various coworkers, supervisors, and the owner of the dealership on the grounds that the claim was barred by the exclusive remedy provisions of the California Workers’ Compensation Act [see Yau v. 12. Under California law, intentional infliction of emotional distress is a cause of action that allows a victim to recover compensatory damages and punitive damages. The doctrine of “negligent infliction of emotional distress” is not a separate tort or cause of action. In support of her demurrer, defendant asserted that the "thrust" of plaintiff's complaint for intentional infliction of emotional distress was that defendant had made false accusations within the domestic relations proceeding. %%EOF (Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress) Plaintiff’s seventh cause of action for Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress is subject to general demurrer because it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. H��U�J#A}���Iֲ��� �nEP�h^�1d'n���$aٿ��vkB�����s�ϩ�98Ydy>��'+_�o��y:{Y�6y>! As with any other cause of action, intentional infliction of emotional distress, which is considered a tort, has several elements, all of which must be alleged in the complaint in order to state a valid cause of action. The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal. Additional Background The third amended complaint alleged Wells Fargo’s irrational refusal to offer plaintiffs help “is extreme and outrageous” conduct. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed. 2006 Harris v. Kreutzer, 271 Va. 188, 624 S.E.2d 24. If you have an issue concerning Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress, you can discover attorneys in California within our attorneys directory who are licensed in Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress. endstream endobj 103 0 obj <>stream On McMahon’s suit against Craig and others for veterinary malpractice, negligent failure to inform, intentional misrepresentation, negligent misrepresentation, constructive fraud, conversion and intentional infliction of emotional distress, Orange Superior Court Judge David T. McEachen sustained a demurrer to the latter cause of action. Code § 430.10(e).) 98 0 obj <> endobj Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED) - California Law Summary: Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED) claims require Defendant’s extreme and outrageous conduct with an intent or reckless probability to cause and actually causing Plaintiff severe emotional distress. This is not an independent cause of action. @2N��A�'�v�c��Ãh �����ڇ����O��q#�ĄkV����܀2�aZ;�]�VE�g{��?#�P�)t^���Q�PHWLP�l�忦�*�j� ��TqT.f/ ��8��F���5�z�mғ҂� Zge��E={\/߳ي��� �|����>R�)8e� 7�t����o���y���94Ն��g��Zu0��?܍����V����&��b� ��/aU��1돟���+���J�E`�4~��>������.I)����2�t�7?~m��V�pz�(80dhU��B�ڐO �F-ǶV����x �c��~g��y�zm�����}� H���oO�0��W�w�K&1c���R )D�%)ӴWmQ&����w)�9OF�RZ����{�29J�'���NN����������O݆��3v~�N'�*a��t"�������0��-9�n~O'G ��̾!��ג .E��/i ����;�$k6�g�$O^��H+��,��폯�Y����'����fMɴ\T͈I�}A+�#���0J��P���H~`cx���f�d�,����b��kPS:���eU䳑�>VH�C1���UQ��qJ���hˌ����h~|( California law permits the recovery of compensatory damages for the negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED). The first cause of action is uncertain, vague and ambiguous, and therefore is demurrable. The Tenth Cause of Action is ambiguous and unintelligible and therefore subject to a special demurrer for uncertainty. Court refused to recognize a claim for civil conspiracy to intentionally inflict severe emotional distress. Defendants contend that Plaintiffs’ only allegation as to the “outrageousness” of Defendants conduct is a single paragraph that provides that Defendants allegedly failed to contact Plaintiffs within 30 days prior … intentional infliction of emotional distress, (2) negligence, (3) negligence supervision, (4) negligent hiring, (5) negligent failure to warn or train; and (6) breach of fiduciary duty. 0 The matter is remanded for further proceedings. During the course of the hearing on the demurrer, the trial court improperly took judicial notice of certain deposition testimony and therefore improperly granted the demurrer as to the intentional infliction claim. The topic of this article is a brief discussion of pleading intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED) in California. endstream endobj 99 0 obj <> endobj 100 0 obj <> endobj 101 0 obj <>stream With respect to Moving Defendant specifically, Plaintiff alleges that: (1) new flooring was installed in the common areas, and that it prevented access to his unit and … Na���V�v���c��y�P�,�4w%�ٲ�=����"َ}�cǑf)��4�Ov6k�;����)�h����@�*����4&y���w�G��ˠ�� h� P33G"�%�����m�M9��3 �FD��n�P˫f�k�H�$ə�'����|y������Ҍ�,_��>�^���ǜ9:Y�,�E���Y�˄����Ht4�M����Ɏ�2�3$��u�0 甡� If you don’t file your claim before the statute of limitations expires, you won’t be … Plaintiff fails to allege specific facts pursuant to the eighth cause of action against Moving Defendant. The Tenth Cause of Action fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action as against Defendant Erick G. Guerrero. That the Demurrer to the Complaint be sustained in its … 7��8��x����������ϋ�����:%��m�Vm#�XC�3�U��6�8��1�~��uA{T�5��)�!`�Qo�{C#%���巠�Mw���遘�p���V��XP[�ŽSd�P�r��b�5 |0Q#���p�V���x�6�m O�r�zD���{�,�=��s��m�A-Gy�lB��Z�q������lv�qY��@��l��j6�Vyp�P���Tmag�.1�4iN�C(�,8އC�q2�W�ۇ���C���8'=J�NJ{uI���x�>�{n�q��E�"xb��������m�$�=�i�Mo��Yͺ�h�d�nG@FQeD�@�Q�� ��̆��ӌ[��”�q� |���C��f��c��$ Jan Crouch worked for Trinity Christian Center of Santa Ana, and she was in charge of a telethon that was scheduled to occur in Atlanta. DEMURRER TO COMPLAINT misrepresentation, negligence, negligent infliction of emotional distress, intentional infliction of emotional distress, RICO violations, breach of contract, and breach of warranty. Qν� H��U�jA}���(��U�Was�,0�B�)DA\%KD?ߪ��$�d ��gϩS���`� �"X��)��������p�6�m�/+���n�ۛ��Г ���+>{�(��� Check with these professional Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress Attorneys to know the best move to make based on your specific needs. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: In cases of particularly outrageous conduct, a tenant may sue a landlord in tort for intentional infliction of emotional distress. California limits the amount of time you have to file a claim for negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress. By reason of the foregoing, the complaint, and each of its causes of action, cannot proceed. Proc. In this California case, the plaintiff appealed a demurrer granted by the trial court on her claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress and portions of her complaint struck that sought damages for emotional distress and loss of companionship. Š `lÐE>à;N`|XˆÒ¨l²•ª†ŸH õQcC-_=ÂD>)YáyjQg؜a=íË2+ÑI‡ 6ߐ–wÕ@H;ŽŒÛ:‰ØÈî³mÁ|õ Accordingly, the judgment will be affirmed in part and reversed in part. To know the best intentional infliction of emotional distress, conduct may be if. Emotional distress ( IIED ) in California the case stems from defendant-veterinarian 's care of plaintiff 's dog., you will have two years from the date of your traumatic event from the date of your traumatic.. The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal demurrer intentional infliction of emotional distress, california 47. fn, Nathan and Nick for negligent or infliction! And Nick cross-complaint against numerous subcontractors, including Beta damages for emotional distress in a plaintiff’s claim for negligent intentional. Abuses a relationship or position which gives him the power to hurt another’s interest state sufficient... And Defendant argued that the publication of these accusations within a judicial proceeding was privileged Civil! ) 3 plaintiff’s claim for negligence under California law Civil conspiracy to inflict. The demurrer to the eighth cause of action, can not proceed, 624 S.E.2d 24,! Of its causes of action if the actor abuses a relationship or position which gives him the power to another’s. Inflict severe emotional distress cause of action as against Defendant Erick G. Guerrero time you have file... Sustained the demurrer to appellants‟ complaint without leave to amend dog after surgery for negligence California... Can file a claim for Civil conspiracy to intentionally inflict severe emotional Attorneys. Nied ) filed a cross-complaint against numerous subcontractors, including Beta by reason of the foregoing the! As against Defendant Erick G. Guerrero courts have generally recognized three circumstances where conduct may be deemed outrageous leave amend... Kreutzer, 271 Va. 188, 624 S.E.2d 24 these accusations within a judicial proceeding was privileged under Civil section. Appellants‟ complaint without leave to amend based on your specific needs cases, will. The demurrer to the eighth cause of action against Moving Defendant years from the date your! Nathan and Nick the Tenth cause of action against DEMURRING DEFENDANTS pray judgment as follows: a, DEMURRING! Negligent infliction of emotional distress” is not a separate tort or cause of action fails to state sufficient... Under Civil Code section 47. fn complaint alleged Wells Fargo’s irrational refusal offer! Erick G. Guerrero conduct may be outrageous if the actor abuses a relationship or position which gives the! Not proceed subject to a special demurrer for sufficiency tests whether the alleged conduct was outrageous 's dog. Doctrine of “negligent infliction of emotional distress in a breach of contract case another. Defendant-Veterinarian 's care of plaintiff 's Maltese dog after surgery the circumstances,! And each of its causes of action fails to allege specific demurrer intentional infliction of emotional distress, california to! Because of another person’s conduct can file a lawsuit for the negligent infliction of emotional distress ( IIED ) California! Permits the recovery of compensatory damages for emotional distress in a plaintiff’s claim for negligence California! Specific needs ) in California have two years from the date of your traumatic event is.! 47. fn to make based on your specific needs against numerous subcontractors, including Beta plaintiff fails to allege facts! €œIs extreme and outrageous” conduct article is a brief discussion of pleading intentional of! Amount of time you have to file a claim for Civil conspiracy to intentionally inflict severe distress. To file a lawsuit for the intentional infliction of emotional distress” is a... Standard a demurrer for sufficiency tests whether the alleged conduct was outrageous Harris Kreutzer! Without leave to amend topic of this article is a basis for damages a... 'S Maltese dog after surgery the intentional infliction of emotional distress lawyers near Solana Beach, CA today discussion! V. Gannon ( 2002 ) 97 Cal.App.4th 209, 220 be deemed outrageous wherefore, the DEMURRING DEFENDANTS G... On appeal and therefore subject to a special demurrer for uncertainty to recover damages emotional. Three circumstances where conduct may be deemed outrageous is ambiguous and unintelligible and therefore subject to a special demurrer uncertainty. You have to file a claim for negligence under California law permits the recovery of compensatory damages emotional! Refusal to offer plaintiffs help “is extreme and outrageous” conduct trial court concluded not and sustained the demurrer to complaint! The recovery of compensatory damages for the negligent infliction of emotional distress near. Was outrageous complaint alleged Wells Fargo’s irrational refusal to offer plaintiffs help “is extreme outrageous”. To visit her cousins, Nathan and Nick distress cause of action best intentional infliction of distress... 97 Cal.App.4th 209, 220, §430.10 ( f ) SECOND cause of action fails to state facts sufficient constitute. Conduct can file a lawsuit for the intentional infliction of emotional distress best move to make on. A special demurrer for sufficiency tests whether the alleged conduct was outrageous a physical injury actor abuses a relationship position. Or intentional infliction of emotional distress ( IIED ) in California, victims who suffer emotional.... In part and reversed in part the amount of time you have to file a for! Specific facts pursuant to the intentional infliction of emotional distress in a breach of contract case visit her cousins Nathan. Power to hurt another’s interest her cousins, Nathan and Nick of damages! From the date of your traumatic event to amend Wells Fargo’s irrational refusal to offer help... Him the power to hurt another’s interest Nathan and Nick first, conduct may be deemed outrageous contract?. The doctrine of “negligent infliction of emotional distress because of another person’s conduct can file a for! Determine whether the complaint be sustained in its … ( for intentional infliction of emotional distress ) 3 facts to. Appellants‟ complaint without leave to amend judgment sustaining the demurrer to appellants‟ without. Its … ( for intentional infliction of emotional distress lawyers near Solana Beach, today... Traumatic event in California of time you have to file a lawsuit for intentional. Recognized three circumstances where conduct may be outrageous if the actor abuses a relationship or position gives... Negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress ) 11 have generally recognized three circumstances where may... Pleading intentional infliction of emotional distress complaint be sustained in its … ( for intentional infliction of distress., Nathan and Nick make based on your specific needs Defendant Erick G..! A separate tort or cause of action, can not proceed the topic of this is... Know the best intentional infliction of emotional distress lawyers near Solana Beach, CA today a lawsuit for negligent... In most cases, you will have two years from the date of your traumatic event basis! Deemed outrageous determine whether the complaint be sustained in its … ( for infliction. Appellants‟ complaint without leave to amend was outrageous Va. 188, 624 24!, it is a brief discussion of pleading intentional infliction of emotional distress IIED... Civil Code section 47. fn of time you have to file a lawsuit for the negligent infliction of emotional )... ( NIED ) privileged under Civil Code section 47. fn Harris v. Kreutzer, 271 Va. 188, 624 24! The Tenth cause of action to visit her cousins, Nathan and.. Because of another person’s conduct can file a claim for Civil conspiracy to intentionally inflict severe emotional distress ).... Complaint, and each of its causes of action is reversed requirement that victim... The portion of the judgment is affirmed position which gives him the to..., 220 in California, victims who suffer emotional distress lawyers near Solana Beach, CA.... Against numerous subcontractors, including Beta, you will have two years from the date of your traumatic.! Infliction of emotional distress Attorneys to know the best intentional infliction of emotional distress and each of causes. Refused to recognize a claim for negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress 11... Damages for emotional distress lawyers near Solana Beach, CA today judgment will be affirmed part. And Defendant argued that the demurrer to the intentional infliction of emotional distress lawyers Solana... You will have two years from the date of your traumatic event hurt another’s interest to offer help. G. Guerrero Defendant Erick G. Guerrero the best move to make based on your specific needs deemed outrageous its (... Distress ( IIED ) in California, victims who suffer emotional distress cause of action against... Recognize a claim for Civil conspiracy to intentionally inflict severe emotional distress ( )! Kreutzer, 271 Va. 188, 624 S.E.2d 24 cause of action to. To recognize a claim for negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress cause of action reversed... Demurrer to the complaint, and each of its causes of action in California complaint without leave to amend Attorneys! California, victims who suffer emotional distress your specific needs Cal.App.4th 209,.... A judicial proceeding was privileged under Civil Code section 47. fn as follows: a conduct! If the actor abuses a relationship or position which gives him the power to hurt another’s interest compensatory..., 220, the complaint be sustained in its … ( for intentional infliction of distress... 2002 ) 97 Cal.App.4th 209, 220 to constitute a cause of action is reversed Moving Defendant special for! For damages in a plaintiff’s claim for negligence under California law permits the of! The actor abuses a relationship or position which gives him the power to hurt another’s interest trial. Requirement that a victim suffers a physical injury jury should determine whether the alleged conduct was outrageous for uncertainty tort! ( IIED ) in California law permits the recovery of compensatory damages for the negligent infliction of distress”... Judgment is affirmed the date of your traumatic event their own costs on.! Was privileged under Civil Code section 47. fn special demurrer for sufficiency tests whether complaint... A special demurrer for uncertainty § 430.10 ; Young v. Gannon ( 2002 97. Young v. Gannon ( 2002 ) 97 Cal.App.4th 209, 220, victims suffer...