The management systems mentioned is briefly … This system is focused on relationships, based on the brigade organization of labor, collegial management, the delegation of authority and overall control. His famous writings included: New Patterns of Management (1961), Human Organisation (1967). The Likert management systems are management styles developed by Rensis Likert in the 1960-ies. The four systems of management system or the four leadership styles identified by Likert are: System 1- Exploitative Authoritative: Responsibility lies in the hands of the people at the upper echelons of the hierarchy. It is more appropriate to influence them through changing causal factors. He based the systems on studies of highly productive supervisors and their team members of an American Insurance Company. The system of management, initially proposed by the author in New Patterns of Management (1961), is described more fully, with additional research findings. However, the ultimate power of decisions still remains with those at the highest levels within the organisation. He assigned numbers 1 to 4 to his conceptual models to indicate the stages … System 4 (Participative) is based on participation. on punishment, whilst Consultative and Participative are angled more towards a system of reward, though none is committed to any one approach. Rensis Likert studied the patterns and styles of managers and developed four management systems known as Likert's management systems. In reviewing his involvement in leadership research, Rensis Likert discusses early influences on his thinking, the university-connected Institute for Social Research and the criteria on which it was based, as well as the first leadership and management studies of the Survey Research Center. He outlined four systems of management to describe the relationship, involvement and roles of managers and subordinates in industrial settings. Likert has taken seven variables of different management systems. Because of this, Likert developed a continuum consisting of four systems of management style. Both are generally implemented in Likert's systems, with Exploitative Authoritative and Benevolent Authoritative more primarily focussing Likert, R. (1961). Employees are free to discuss any issues or ideas with their superiors, knowing full well that their discussions may be conducive to at least some kind of change. The superior has no trust and confidence in subordinates. Later, R. Likert described four basic systems of leadership style. Likert categorised his four management systems as follows; The diagram below shows Likert's Four Management Systems, exploitive Authoritative System, Benevolent Authoritative System, Consultative System and Participative or Group System. A person-centered leader allows employees to participate in decision-making as much as possible, avoids petty care, and focuses on improving productivity by improving human relationships. The four systems of management system or the four leadership styles identified by Likert are: System 1- Exploitative Authoritative: Responsibility lies in the hands of the people at the upper echelons of the hierarchy. This model is completely based on the various queries of the various management systems. Exploitive authoritative In this style, the leader has a low concern for people and uses such methods as threats and other fear-based methods to … What Is the Likert Management System (Leadership Styles)? 4 Likert’s Management System and Leadership, 8 Factors of Determining Span of Management. 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