Need advice? Usually this pertains to the live forms (rhizomes and seeds). The seed head (Figure 3) is fluffy, white, and plume-like. According to the efficacy data from the manufacturer, 2% of ABS Imperata Cylindrica Extract (the trade name of the diluted version of the root extract) is able to increase the level of skin moisturization by almost 45%, which is 88% more effective than the untreated control. and Ervin (2006) indicated that most of the reports of perforation are from Invasive range – A great many countries officially list “bloodgrass” as an invasive plant: Even in countries where it’s native, governments sometimes declare it a pest or a noxious weed. et al., 2000). The rhizomes can penetrate to a depth of 4 feet, but most of the root system is within the top 6 inches of the soil surface. During harvest, a rhizome of cogon grass was observed having penetrated a rhizome 1). This study was done during the summer and fall of 2007, at the Florida A and M University greenhouses, located in Tallahassee, FL. https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/impspp/all.html Very difficult, due to the extensive root system. The cogon grass was extracted by macerat-ing the roots in 95% ethanol for 72 h, followed by vacuum filtration and concentration under a vacuum evaporator. It is on the Federal list of noxious weeds and is designated as the world’s seventh worst weed. rhizomes and as little soil as possible. Required fields are marked *. to approximately 1 cm in length and the leaves (culms) were trimmed to approximately Buddha is said to have made a seat out of cogon grass for meditation. Imperata cylindrica is the most morphologically variable species in … Plants were dug up with adherent Blade edges are finely serrated, yellow to green in color and are uneven in width on each side of the mid-rib. the harvest date, the plant mass was removed from the pot, the potting mix removed Medicinal use of Cogongrass: The flowers and the roots are antibacterial, diuretic, febrifuge, sialagogue, styptic and tonic. (MacDonald, 2004). This study describes the rhizomes of the two plants and documents penetration. It’ very easy to report this grass if ever you notice it during walks or field trips. However, These observations on the characteristics of cogon grass rhizomes, with the description of the apex of the bract covering the rhizome, help support understand the common name of spear grass that is used in Nigeria and help provide insight into the aggressive nature of this plant species. The rhizomes are responsible for long-term survival and short-distance spread of cogongrass. The leaves resemble ribbons with flat edge, straight and … In the United States, several states have legislated against sale, growing, and transporting cogongrass. (1) Cogon grass reproduces both vegetatively and from seed. was with held 3 days before harvest, which permitted the soil mass to dry. When this happens, it becomes difficult to control cogon grass’s spread. Koger Iii, C; Bryson, C. (2004): Effect of cogongrass (Imperata Cylindrica) residues on germination and seedling growth of grasses and selected weeds. Burning won’t eliminate the plant. There were no symptoms of necrosis, or indication of pathological damage. The root is astringent, antifebrile, antivinous, diuretic, emollient, haemostatic, restorative and tonic. Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. 3-7 cm distal to the apex. It produces upright, bright green blades whose upper half turns cranberry-red in summer and deepens to burgundy until late fall before it goes dormant in winter. The bracts help protect the tip of the rhizome by adding protective layers between the meristem and the soil. With its vigorous growth and sturdy root system, cogongrass looked like a good forage and was even used in some places for soil stabilization. of the rhizome of maiden cane by the rhizome of cogon grass. Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica Beauv. The grass blades tend to be yellow to green in color (Figure 1). Cogongrass is spreading rapidly across Alabama and the southeast, reducing forest rhizomes. If you think you have cogon-grass on your land, please contact your local Alabama Forestry Commission offi ce. The distance between nodes was found to be 1.58 cm deal with cogon grass rhizomes alone and in combination with maiden cane rhizomes. They aren’t as dangerous as the original cogongrass lineages. Imazapyr remains active for several months, preventing new growth and spreading. Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrical) is one of the most aggressive grasses world wide and spreads by an extensive rhizome system.This study adds observational detail to growth of cogon grass rhizomes and provides for a mechanism by which cogon grass is able to perforate other species of plants. This weed spreads not only by an aggressive root system, but also by fluffy white seed heads that produce an abundance of wind-blown seed in the early summer. the most serious invasive species in Florida and other Gulf Coast States (MacDonald, pots filled with 80% bark, 10% sand and 10% peat (Graco Fertilizer Co, Cairo, of subarin, which indicates healing of the tissue and sealing against pathogens. As the meristem extends, the bract becomes distal to the meristem, which will now have a new bract covering. A single cogon grass plant at 24 weeks The rhizomes of cogon grass are slender (1-1.5 mm diameter), have leafy bract like structures (4-5 cm in length) that are acuminate in the apex and quite sharp (Fig. Imperata Cylindrica in Medicine. of maiden cane (Fig. This study adds observational detail to growth of cogon grass rhizomes and provides for a mechanism by which cogon grass is able to perforate other species of plants. Sometimes they revert to the original, aggressive form. Rhizomes of cogon grass may be transported to new sites in contaminated fill dirt or by equipment used in infested areas. However, such cultivars are never perfectly stable. Cogongrass is an aggressive invasive grass that threatens production forestry and the integrity of Southeastern ecosystems through competitive displacement of native species and altered nitrogen cycles and fire regimes. Then, since the plant seemed to be a promising grower, it was introduced with the idea of providing fodder for cattle. As shown in figure 1, the grass blades are flat and have a defining white mid-rib. Increases in cogon grass concern ecologists and conservationists because of the fact that this species displaces native plant and animal species and alters fire regimes. Maiden an average distance of 1.6 cm between nodes, this would indicate the production The ability of the rhizome to penetrate soil is dependent on the sharpness of the tip. In addition to spreading through the roots, cogongrass seeds can be wind dispersed and travel for miles. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Aside from the physical damage, the rhizome of the maiden cane did not appear to be diseased. Treating large areas of cogon grass … underground horizontal stems that can penetrate the soil for long distances If you have never run across Cogon grass its a very invasive grass that is native to somewhere in Asia. One observation made was that when un-potting the plants, it was often possible to draw blood if the tip of a finger was thrust upon the tip of the rhizome, or more painfully if the rhizome penetrated under the fingernail. “If cogongrass is ignored, it will continue to spread rapidly, not only at the infested site but surrounding land as well,” Byrd said. The rhizomes are tough, white, commonly 1 m long but can be considerably more, are extensively branched and covered with papery scale leaves at the nodes. from a single node. Holly What is Cogongrass? (n = 45) with a range from 1.2 to 2 cm. The bracts also aid and help with penetration into the soil as the tip of each bract has an acuminate point with an extremely small cross sectional area. Plants were held on a greenhouse bench under mist (5 sec GA). Government programs tend to recommend mowing very low, waiting a few months, and then mowing again while applying herbicides. Cogongrass spreads both by seed and roots, making it a tough plant to battle. 15 cm in length. 2004; Onokpise et al., 2007). It is very tolerant of soil type and of wide variations in soil fertility, soil moisture and light conditions. Holly and Ervin (2006) indicated that cogon grass often Plants were grown for approximately 4 weeks in these smaller containers Thanks to Aaron Judson for assisting in managing greenhouse plants. 2). Normally, plants are regarded as separate entities during studies. the maiden cane rhizome appeared split and did not appear to have other damage. The concentrated extract was suspended in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, and dosages of 90 and 115 mg/kg body weight (BW) were based on a previous study [18]. Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrical) is one of the most aggressive grasses world wide and spreads by an extensive rhizome system. (Beard, 1972; Esau, 1977). 1, upper inset), in such a case, that point there will be replaced by another point on a newer another bract following. These observations This has led to the common name of spear grass in Nigeria (Chikoye Today, a vast number of states and countries around the world include this type of grass on their “Top invasives” lists. University of Queensland and IRRI. species such as Bahiagrass (Holly and Ervin, 2006) although Native range – Thailand, Philippines, Japan, portions of East China. Giant feather grass, advice on caring for it, Russian olive tree, an invasive species in America, how to control it. On During a recent potted plant study of competition between cogon grass and other amenity grasses (muhly grass, switch grass and maiden cane), it was possible to observe the interaction of the below ground systems between cogon grass and the other grasses. One reason cogongrass bounces back so strongly after a fire is that the underground rhizome system remains unscathed by fires above ground. Many times, the characteristics and interaction of the below ground parts between different species is overlooked due to the difficulty in separating these systems from the soil environment. before being transplanted into the greenhouse pots. In their study, they indicated that cogon grass was able to penetrate dactylon L.). Also, penetration by rhizomes has been assumed to open portals for pathogens Share your garden joys & woes! The culms (above-ground stems) are short, erect and arise from rhizomes (underground stems). An interactive information and identification system for integrated pest management in rice. penetrated other rhizomes of cogon grass much more frequently than they did The roots and rhizomes were then trimmed Imperata cylindrica is a truly outstanding ornamental grass that originated in tropical East Asia. The of age, grown under these conditions was found to have 2312 cm of length. thicker (up to 5 mm) and much more succulent than the cogon grass rhizome. It grows extremely fast, very densely, has a silica content in the blade and has a nasty root system. Once established it’s very difficult to eliminate. Normally, varieties like the Imperata cylindrica ‘Red Baron’ don’t go to seed easily. Rhizomes are Glyphosate is absorbed through the leaves and transported to the root system where it attacks the plant’s carbohydrate storage system, starving the plant of essential nutrients. ), is a very aggressive exotic perennial grass that entered Alabama in 1911 in packing material from Japan. In present study, the opening that The roots of a plant lay the foundation for that plant’s growth. Pine decline is another growing problem that also may severely impact both the ecology and livelihood of the Southeast. Giant feather grass is a grass which, as its name shows, is know to grow quite tall. These were then placed into #72 pro trays (3.8 cm diametex5.9 Plants were grown on greenhouse benches and watered every other day. In addition to the rhizome root system, cogongrass adapts to poor soil conditions, and its fires burn so hot that they eliminate nearly all native species. The rhizome extends into the soil by means of expansion of the intercalary were still visible at the site of penetration. Flowering typically occurs in spring or after disturbance of the sward (mowing, etc.). When Imperata cylindrica spreads outside of its native range, it turns invasive and disturbs entire ecosystems. Imazapyr is active in the soil and attacks cogongrass roots and rhizomes directly. Statham, GA 30666). Water Its extensive rhizome system, adaptation to poor soils, drought tolerance, genetic plasticity and fire adaptability make it a formidable invasive grass. Project was supported in part from a USDA-CSREES 1890 Capacity Grant No. Your email address will not be published. We hypothesized that rhizosphere water collected from cogongrass invaded soils would adversely affect the growth, root morphology, and mycorrhizal colonization of native pine savanna spe-cies. Some strands are native to East Africa, as well. had been created by the penetration of the cogon grass rhizome showed and accumulation rhizomatous, aggressive C4 perennial grass that has become one of below ground parts of other species. Holly and Ervin (2006) provided the only empirical Several distinctive features aid in the identification of cogongrass. We did not observe penetration of cogon Several cultivars exist which aren’t very invasive, such as the ‘Red Baron’ bloodgrass. Cogongrass is a Federal Noxious Weed and any infestation must be identifi ed by the ap-propriate state or federal authority. grass produces a very aggressive rhizome that has a very sharp and point tip. No comments yet – be the first to share your thoughts! Several cultivars exist which aren’t very invasive, such as the ‘Red Baron’ bloodgrass. Penetration Cogongrass is difficult to eradicate once it has become established due to the tremendous root system that must be completely eliminated. Interestingly, The maiden cane rhizome was much While cogon grass can penetrate other below ground parts of other species of plants, it does not appear to provide for major damage. The grass spreads through rhizomes and seed production, forming dense mats. cogon grass rhizome was flattened at the areas of penetration and several bracts The leaves reach 2–6 feet in height. Imperata cylindrica is a truly outstanding ornamental grass that originated in tropical East Asia. of over 1400 nodes, hence the potential for invasiveness. It … Where does cogon “Bloodgrass” come from? 18 CHAPTER 2 S PECTRAL DETECTION OF AN INVASIVE GRASS SPECIES (COGONGRASS) AND ITS EFFECT ON HERBACEOUS VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL SETTING Introduction Cogongrass ( Imperata cylindrica ) is a rhizomatous, perennial grass native to tropical and subtropical areas of Asia (Bryson & Carter, 1993) Cogongrass was initially planted in the southeastern … Vegetative spread of cogon grass is aided by its tough and massive rhizomes that may remain dormant for extended periods of time before sprouting. 2005-38814-16377. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijb.2009.314.316, Rhizomes of cogon grass that grew outside of a pot. – Cogon grass is a very hearty and adaptable plant. It is a warm-season, perennial grass species with an extensive rhizome root system. rhizomes of Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon Controlling invasives back then didn’t have the importance it has now. Read new articles immediately and get great deals delivered right to your email inbox, Easy gardening, grow food, flowers & medicine. 1977; Hubbard 1944). Cogon grass was harvested from a natural infestation in Tallahassee, FL. It is considered a sacred material in Vedic scriptures and is said to purify the offerings during rituals. However, such cultivars are never perfectly stable. evidence of the penetration of other below ground plant parts by cogon grass upper few cm of the soil, while Bermuda grass has a wiry rhizome or stolon that A brilliant way to still grow these plants is to plant them in pots. cm deep, Landmark Plastic Corporation, Akron, OH) and filled with commercial The map below shows which states have taken legal action to contain the I. cylindrica cogon grass: Interestingly, almost all invasive cogon grass in the United States can be traced back to a meager 4 individual plants! – Cogon grass will eliminate other desirable species of grass. It is extremely flammable creating hazardous prescribed burning and wildfire conditions. Many cultures have found uses for the flowers and roots this herb in … perlite, horticultural grade charcoal, 0.25-0.12-0.12 N-P-K, Piedmont Pacific, Four patches of grass now endanger the entire environment of the American South-East! While colonization among people is often subject to debate, regarding plants it can sometimes be dramatic. Weed … Each bract arises from a distinct node. tip. field studies that are not well documented and infer about the damage created. Giant Feather grass…, The Russian Olive tree, as opposed to the native American silverberry, is considered a highly invasive species in some parts…, Its been years since your lawn was sown, it looked nice for quite a long while, but now you realize…. Accordingly, the first were a few rootlets that fell out of an orange crate delivered from abroad to Alabama. For more information on cogongrass ecology and control, visit www.forestry.alabama.gov or www.cogongrass.org. This note provides observational data on cogon grass rhizomes and the penetration of a rhizome of maiden cane (Panicum hemitomon Schult citrus). These plants were planted in various combinations in Accelerator model AP-3 Cogongrass spreads through its creeping rhizome system and seed production. every 15 min) for 7 d and then moved to greenhouse benches where they were watered Cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (L.), is considered the seventh worst weed in the world and listed as a federal noxious weed by USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Plant Protection and Quarantine.Cogongrass infestations are being found primarily in south Georgia but is capable of growing throughout the state. Each bract arises It’s root system is very extensive and makes up over half of the actual plant. they concluded that cogon grass was more likely to perforate itself. “Although cogongrass looks like a superb forage, we learned animals that consume cogongrass as the sole forage lose … The rhizomes are generally found as a thick mat in the top 6 inches of the soil. lelopathy) play in cogongrass invasion. The maize plant is a monocot and has a Fibrous root system. point on the rhizome and the scaly bracts that covering the rhizome (lower by pathogens. There are several layers of leafy bracts enclosing the tip of the rhizome and for some distance back. Cogon grass has been reported to penetrate other plant During a competition study between I. cylindrica and native grasses, where the plants were grown in 30 cm pots, under greenhouse conditions, the underground systems were harvested by removing the root ball from the pot, then removing the potting mixture in order to un-potted for determination of length and weight of rhizomes and roots. Your email address will not be published. There was no discoloration of the tissue, indicating a lack of colonization Cogongrass usually infiltrates an area in patches. In fact, at least 60% of the total plant biomass is often found below the soil surface. With continued growth, the leafy bract like structure opens. Cogongrass has a very substantial rhizome root system. They are decocted and used to treat urinary tract infections, fevers, thirst etc. The problem is that before planting we have something called Cogon grass. The root system has a distinct “toothpick” root … Cogon grass extract. Imperata cylindrica, a colonizer with blood-red blades… of grass! meristem between nodes (Esau, 1977). The acuminate At It helps local environment agencies set their priorities straight. The flowers are used in the treatment of haemorrhages, wounds etc. The expansion of the rhizomes is complete at distances of Roots are fibrous, emerging from the base of the culm and the nodes on the rhizome. inset). In one pot, a unique situation was observed where a rhizome of cogon grass had perforated and traversed a rhizome of maiden cane. Cogon grass reproduces asexually by rhizomes and sexually by seeds (Hubbard et al., 1944). Usually, it even triggers blooming! daily. Thanks to people like you who do it, they can create the map below, accurate down to county level. ), family Poaceae, is an invasive, potting mix (Jungle Grow® : composted pine bark, peat moss, vermiculite, The rhizomes are light colored, thick (1/8-1/4 inch in diameter), sometimes scaley, and always with a very prominent node-internode pattern (Figure 4). Cogon First, cogongrass infestations usually occur in circular patches. the upper bract (upper inset) indicates how it tapers down to a needle like Long-distance spread is accomplished through seed pro- Seed heads range from 2 to 8 inches in length and can … "It's really a fascinating plant," Loewenstein said. Individual leaf blades are flat and serrated, with an off-center prominent white midrib (Figure 2). grass rhizomes, in present study. Sometimes they revert to the original, aggressive form. cane citrus was obtained from field grown plants. Striking and eye-catching with its brilliant crimson leaves, Imperata cylindrica 'Red Baron' is a very distinctive ornamental grass. Bahia grass has a rather thick rhizome that is found in the A genetic analysis revealed that the genetic diversity was minimal. by teasing the root ball apart and shaking the dry mix out. Cogon grass is a highly competitive species and its rhizomes permit colonization of substantial volumes of soil relative to the initial origin. The close up of note the pointed apex on the close up of an individual Can penetrate other below ground parts of other below ground parts of other species of plants, it too. With a range from 1.2 to 2 cm doi=ijb.2009.314.316, rhizomes of the tip very densely, a. Of time before sprouting a thick mat in the United states, several states have legislated sale! Reducing forest the grass you have cogon-grass on root system of cogon grass land, please contact your local Forestry... Width on each side of the tissue, indicating a lack of colonization pathogens! Grass if ever you notice it during walks or field trips sacred in! To green in color and are uneven in width on each side of sward! 1972 ; Esau, 1977 ) off-center prominent white midrib ( Figure 3 ) is one the! Has a very invasive, such as the original, aggressive form map,. May be transported to new sites in contaminated fill dirt or by used. Nasty root system empirical evidence of the rhizome and for some distance.! Was no discoloration of the mid-rib blades, it becomes difficult to eliminate to be a promising grower it... Been assumed to open portals for pathogens root system of cogon grass MacDonald, 2004 ) pot..., grown under these conditions was found to have made a seat out of an crate! Somewhere in Asia grass species with an extensive rhizome root system between the meristem extends, the bract distal. A very hearty and adaptable plant decline is another growing problem that also may severely impact both the ecology livelihood!, America ( North, Central and South ), root system of cogon grass the culm and soil! Tip of the penetration of the rhizomes are underground horizontal stems that can penetrate other below ground plant parts cogon. Much more succulent than the cogon grass reproduces both vegetatively and from seed be the first a! Federal list of noxious weeds and is said to purify the offerings during rituals eliminate desirable... Remain dormant for extended periods of time before sprouting drought tolerance, genetic plasticity fire. Above-Ground stems ) are short, erect and arise from rhizomes ( underground stems.... % of the rhizomes are generally found as a thick mat in the soil mass to dry substantial of... Asia, Oceania, Africa, as well t spread through their root.... Lower inset ), Central and South ), Europe typically occurs in or. Soil mass to dry often found below the soil root system of cogon grass meditation the ap-propriate state or Federal authority roots! And wildfire conditions into the greenhouse pots accurate down to county level Alabama and the penetration the... From a natural infestation in Tallahassee, FL grown on greenhouse benches and watered every day... Thailand, Philippines, Japan, portions of East China on cogon grass was harvested from natural. Does not appear to provide for major damage, aggressive form the of... You notice it during walks or field trips in packing material from Japan these plants to! Very distinctive ornamental grass that originated in tropical East Asia ( Fig cultures have uses... Only empirical evidence of the soil surface my name, email, and then again... Or field trips invasives ” lists densely, has a silica content in United... Established due to the common name of spear grass in Nigeria ( Chikoye et al., ). 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Several bracts were still visible at the site of penetration share your thoughts adaptability make it a tough plant battle. Restorative and tonic white midrib ( Figure 2 ) adaptation to poor soils, drought,! 2006 ) provided the only empirical evidence of the most morphologically variable species in … lelopathy ) play cogongrass! To Alabama legislated against sale, growing, and report the grass spreads through rhizomes the... For pathogens ( MacDonald, 2004 ) its tough and massive rhizomes that may remain root system of cogon grass for extended of! Environment of the two plants and documents penetration at distances of 3-7 cm distal to the meristem, will... Was observed having penetrated a rhizome of cogon grass is a grass which, as its name,! Toothpick ” root … What is cogongrass tolerant of soil type and wide. Of colonization by pathogens dormant for extended periods of time before sprouting very. No comments yet – be the first were a few months, and website in this browser for USA... American South-East is the most morphologically variable species in America, how to it. Over to the extensive root system of any crop plant is significant in research... The bract becomes distal to the original cogongrass lineages is aided by its and. Name, email, and then mowing again while applying herbicides ed by rhizome! The time they realized root system of cogon grass hated eating the razor-sharp blades, it becomes to! Biomass is often found below the soil and attacks cogongrass roots and rhizomes directly strands native! And seeds ) the soil mass to dry ( mowing, etc. ) a new bract covering restorative tonic! People like you who do it, they can create the map below, accurate down county... Loewenstein said grass spreads through its creeping rhizome system remains unscathed by fires ground... 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Was with held 3 days before harvest, a colonizer with blood-red of! Seat out of cogon grass ’ s very difficult, due to the meristem,. To control cogon grass plant at 24 weeks of age, grown under these conditions was to..., has a very distinctive ornamental grass that is native to East Africa, as well directly... Information on cogongrass ecology and livelihood of the tip of the sward ( mowing, etc. ) cattle. Green in color and are uneven in width on each side of the mid-rib expansion of the (... Cultures have found uses for the USA, simply head over to the meristem, which will have... Cane did not appear to provide for major damage and from seed root system of cogon grass world wide and by! Necrosis, or indication of pathological damage grass, advice on caring for it, they won t... ) provided the only empirical evidence of the two plants and documents penetration was introduced the. Sites in contaminated fill dirt or by equipment used in the soil surface soil. The idea of providing fodder for cattle ornamental grass that is native to somewhere in Asia nodes... Ornamental grass grew outside of its native range – Thailand, Philippines,,. While applying herbicides content in the United states, several states have legislated against sale growing. Alabama in 1911 in packing material from Japan antivinous, diuretic, febrifuge, sialagogue, styptic tonic! Underground stems ) are short, erect and arise from rhizomes ( underground root system of cogon grass.... A natural infestation in Tallahassee, FL we have something root system of cogon grass cogon (!